The monograph focuses on the analysis of income inequality as one of the most significant challenges facing contemporary economies. The phenomenon is examined from both economic and social perspectives, with particular attention given to the difficulties of defining distributive justice and designing effective and fair redistributive policies. 

The study presents historical changes in income inequality, with special emphasis on the post-war period and the sharp rise in disparities observed since the 1980s. It highlights that while a certain level of income inequality is an inherent feature of market economies, excessive inequality poses a serious threat to economic stability, social cohesion, and long-term development. 

The consequences of rising income disparities are discussed, including the concentration of wealth, reduced social mobility, declining well-being among lower-income groups, and growing social tensions.  

An important part of the monograph is devoted to the analysis of factors influencing income inequality and the instruments of income redistribution, with particular emphasis on fiscal policy tools. 

The monograph is available for download in electronic form, along with regularly updated information on its open-access availability, at: https://www.lazarski.pl/en/science-and-research/publishing-house/publications/35468